Scientists Discover New Hammerhead Species in Belize

Scientists from Florida International University have identified a new species of hammerhead shark, Sphyrna alleni, named in honour of the late Paul G. Allen, an advocate for shark conservation.

Previously unnoticed due to its similarity to the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, the locally known shovellbill shark has been found from Belize to Brazil and now faces the threat of extinction. 

FIU researcher and lead author of the research, Cindy Gonzalez, explained, “DNA analyses provided the first clue that the bonnethead sharks, as we knew them, were at least two species in the Atlantic and not one.” However, Gonzalez noted that DNA alone was insufficient to define a species, prompting a team to investigate physical differences.

The Global FinPrint study revealed that sharks in this region are overfished, particularly due to destructive fishing practices. 

“These sharks have played a critical role in shaping the culture and economy of many local communities in many Latin American countries, so it is important to work hand-to-hand with the fishermen on conservation efforts,” Gonzalez remarked. 

 

 

The next phase of the project will evaluate shark health in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) across 26 nations. 

“It is tragic that we have only just recognised that this species exists, and we are already running against the clock to prevent its extinction,” said the research team lead, Demian Chapman. He commended Belize for its proactive steps in shark conservation, adding, “Belize has taken proactive steps for shark conservation that may help this species, such as collaborating closely with shark fishing communities to manage shark catches, establishing protected areas, and implementing a nationwide gillnet ban.”